Wednesday, July 31, 2019
“Only the Lover Sings†by Josef Pieper Essay
â€Å"Thoughts about Music†††¦music prompts the philosopher’s continued interest because it is by nature so close to the fundamentals of human existence†(Pieper 39). In the section, â€Å"Thoughts about Music,†from Josef Pieper’s Only the Lover Sings: Art and Contemplation, discusses music and the intriguing question, â€Å"What do we perceive when we listen to music?†(40). Pieper answers this question by quoting Schopenhauer, who claimed music, â€Å"does not speak of things but tells of weal and woe†(42). This makes sense because it relates to â€Å"man’s good,†and our yearning for perfect happiness. When listening to music certain emotions surface, as Plato stated, â€Å"Music imitates the impulses of the soul†(Pieper 45). Thus, to truly understand what we perceive when we listen to music, one must understand what is being expressed, and not simply â€Å"listen.†For many, music can be an â€Å"out of body experience,†something that truly reveal’s man and his meaning in life. Some may argue that music is simply â€Å"†¦a means of personal enchantment, of escapism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Pieper 50). How one views and interprets music truly reveals one’s character, because, â€Å"music lays bare man’s inner existential condition,†(Pieper 50). In addition, Pieper continues to answer the question of what we perceive when we listen to music, by quoting other philosophers and the ideas of Western philosophical traditions. â€Å"To repeat: thus has the nature of music variously been understood in the Western philosophical tradition- as nonverbal articulation of weal and woe; as wordless expression of man’s intrinsic dynamism of self-realization, a process understood as man’s journey toward ethical personhood, as the manifestation of man’s will in all aspects, as love. This, for instance, is the meaning of Plato’s statement that ‘music imitates the impulses of the soul’, or as Aristotle puts it: music is similar to ethics and related to it. The same tradition continues in remarks by Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche when they say that music ‘invariably is the expression of an immediacy as no interfering medium is involved’; or (Schopenhauer) that of all the arts it is music that represents the will itself; or (Nietzsche in his interpretation of Wagner) that music lets us hear â€Å"nature transformed into love††(Pieper 44-45). The philosophy of music is something that can be interpreted differently by all. Pieper uses sufficient evidence to support the claim that music does in fact play an important role in man’s true character and how he views his life, and ultimately his existence. Reference: Only the Lover Sings: Art and Contemplation by Josef Pieper
Tuesday, July 30, 2019
Psychology Experiments/Biological Influences Essay
In this experiment, we aim to provide an understanding about the concepts of adaptation through a series of tests. This involves using our different senses to perceive changes in an environment, and how we’ll be able to adapt to these changes.            In the first experiment, the sense that we are going to use is the sense of taste. Through this test, we’ll determine how we adapt to changes in what we taste or basically what we eat. By mixing sugar into water, we create a sweet substance which we’re going to use for the taste test. We also need fresh water in order to tell any differences afterwards. What I did was to take a sip of sugar water and let it stay in my mouth for some time, until it tastes less sweet. It took several seconds until it tasted less sweet, and afterwards I took a sip from the cup containing fresh water. The surprising part was that the fresh water tasted doesn’t have any taste in it at all. I know water supposedly has no taste, but with the experiment, it tasted stale.            In the next test, the sense that will be used is our tactile sense, mainly the skin’s perception of temperature. Through this test, we’ll determine how we adopt to the changes of temperature in our environment. We prepare three bowls with tap water of varying temperature. One is hot (but not painfully so), another is very cold, and the other is a mixture of the hot and cold tap water. What I did was to submerge my left hand in the hot tap water and my right hand on the cold tap water. I let it stay there for three minutes, and afterwards I placed both my hands in the bowl containing the mixture of hot and cold tap water. I took not of what I felt in the experiment.            Upon placing my both my hands in the mixture of water, I noticed that my left (which was previously submerged on the hot one) felt cold until it slowly changes back to the temperature of the water mixture. Same goes for my right hand, which felt warm when I submerged it in the mixture until it slowly changed back to the temperature of the water mixture. The skin’s receptor was not able to perceive any changes in the temperature in the water.            The final test was again on the tactile sense, wherein we have to rub our index finger into a sand paper and rate its coarseness from 1 to 7, where 1 is very soft, and 7 is very coarse. When I rubbed my index finger to the sandpaper, my initial rating was that it’s 7, since I felt that it was very coarse to touch. When I rubbed my index finger on the sand paper for a second time, it felt a little different. It’s as if it lost its coarseness a bit. I gave it a rating of 5.            Basing on the experiment, adaptation can be defined as the loss of sensitivity of a receptor due to prolonged stimulation of it. Because of this, it would require a stronger stimulus in order to further activate it. Adaptation is defined as a positive characteristic of an organism that has been favoured by natural selection, since they are able to live successfully in an environment. This enables living organisms to cope with environmental stresses and pressures, something which could result from the body structure, the organism’s behaviour, or its physiology (EPA.gov, 2007).            Adaptation is evident in each of the results of the experiments. On the first experiment on water sugar, there was a sour aftertaste when I sipped fresh water. This could be because sour taste neutralizes the sweet taste so when we sipped sugar water and swished it all over our mouth, we psychologically perceive that there is a sour taste in order to neutralize the sweet taste in our mouths.            On the second experiment on waters with different temperatures, we experience adaptation by being able to keep a constant body temperature. When we have our hands submerged in both hot and cold water and then submerge it to a mixture of cold and hot water. Our body tends to maintain a constant body temperature, so when it was from the hot water and then submerging it to the mixture, it would surely feel cold at first until we get used to the temperature. Same goes with the cold water, wherein when we submerge it to the mixture it would feel warm until it gets used to the temperature of the mixture.            On the third experiment, we experience adaptation at the tactile sensory level, wherein we tend to get used to the feel of the coarse sand paper, that when we rub at it again, it feels a little less coarse. This is adaptation in a sense that our body or our perception of the coarse texture of the sand paper is gradually being changed to a state wherein we won’t feel uncomfortable in rubbing against it. As we feel that it is a little less coarse, then we are able to cope with its coarse texture.            We can associate this with the theory of adaptation by Lamarck, where organisms inherit the traits which are necessary for them to survive. Those who inherit this trait are able to continue to live, while those who don’t tend to perish. Because of this, the organisms who continue to exist are the ones who were able to get traits which would enable them to adapt to the world they live in.            In an evolutionary perspective, adaptation is really important because those who are able to adapt will be the ones to survive and continue to exist. This will result to organism who posses traits which are important for them to live in their environment. As the time continues to change the surroundings, only those who are able to cope with these changes will be the ones left to live. Those who are not fit enough to adapt to these changes will surely perish. Those who successfully adapts would lead to the creation of a better species. Reference: EPA.gov. (2007). Adaptation.  Retrieved February 24, 2008, from http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/effects/adaptation.html
Monday, July 29, 2019
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Essay
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) - Essay Example The usages of these social media sites have proved to be both fruitful and dangerous. Adolescents and children have been engaging on social media platforms in a frequent manner, which have shown enhanced communication, technical skills as well as social connection. Popular social media sites such as, MySpace and Facebook, provide multiple opportunities for their users to connect with classmates, friends and other groups with similar interest, on a daily basis. A recent poll has revealed that almost 22 percent of teenagers use their favourite media sites almost 10 times daily. Nearly 50 percent of the teenagers use their mobiles for social media purposes and the number is continuously increasing (Schurgin & Clarke-Pearson, 2011). Therefore, it can be said that a significant part of the current generation’s emotional and social development is influenced by these social media websites (Roper & Shah, 2007). Various downsides have been observed because of large influence of these media sites. Limited self-regulation and peer pressure among adolescents and children have been posing some risk while these users are experimenting and navigating with multiple social media sites (Thomson, MacInnis & Park, 2005). Research has indicated that online expressions result in negative offline behaviours, including clique-forming, bullying as well as sexual experimentation, subsequently leading to privacy issues and cyber bullying. Other issues influencing children related to high usage of social media are sleep deprivation and internet addiction (Karahanna, Agarwal & Angst, 2006). A new phenomenon has been proposed by researchers, which is known as ‘Facebook Depression.’ It is a condition seen to develop in teens and preteens who are spending immense amount of time on numerous social media sites such as, Facebook, Twitter and MySpace and then developing classic depression symptoms. In an adolescent’s life, contact and acceptance by peers and friends is
Sunday, July 28, 2019
SUPPROTING DOCUMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
SUPPROTING DOCUMENT - Essay Example My father shifted to Canada some time back and after that we encountered serious financial losses, so much so that he went bankrupt. After this, we had to give up all the luxuries of life and live on a literal hand to mouth approach. I went into a mental trauma and could not concentrate on my studies properly all this while. This resulted in my failing some courses as well. My parents also got separated at home due to bickering that was an on-going affair. I just could not concentrate on anything and studies for sure took a back seat in this whole equation. This asked me to pour in my best efforts towards the studies but the amount of tension, shock and awe I was in, nobody could ever understand. It was only when my father took me to the counselor of bankruptcy for English translation, as his English was not good that I came to know the magnitude of the whole problem. I was the co-signer in the bankruptcy statement. The severity hit me and my family and because of this our living was in doldrums. More than that, we had to endure a lot of physical and emotional pain at the hands of the whole situation which by this time had become unbearable for me, let alone my parents who were the direct recipients of this tragedy. In the meanwhile, I cleared language courses at school but just could not pass the psychology one. I have always had a soft corner and personal liking for this course and it is because of this that I am penning this letter to you in the first place. The reasons have been mentioned duly in this communication and I wish to apprise you of the same again here stating that all these things matter to me a lot and my physical and emotional self is hurt to the maximum and now is the time when I want to achieve something in life and for that to happen I want to get over with my tensions and worries once and for all. However, all said and done, these problems
Saturday, July 27, 2019
In what ways is British society a globalized society Essay
In what ways is British society a globalized society - Essay Example But likewise, as economies become more intertwined, we find that they can also become more vulnerable to unexpected shifts and new forms of opaqueness. This isn’t a reason to turn away from globalization, but it is a reason to be vigilant. This essay will look at the way Britain has become more dependent on other countries through the process of globalization and it will suggest that this has mostly been for the best. Although the exact moment of globalization occurring in Britain is a highly debatable question considering the length of Britain’s history and its extensive involvement in world affairs, it could be send that the election of â€Å"New Labour†in 1997 marked the rapid acceleration of the period. With Tony Blair’s successful efforts to remake the formerly left-wing, anti-free trade Labour party into a pro-market moderate party, Britain decided to go full steam ahead with economic global integration. The stage had been set a few years earlier. In the words of Merril Stevenson in a thoughtful article on the subject: Britain got its economic act together just as globalisation was accelerating, in the late 1980s. It has managed to catch and ride the current wave successfully, selling the world financial and business services where once it sold cotton textiles and machines. Shifting earlier and more decisively than most countries out of mass manufacturing, where it had few advantages over lower-cost competitors, to more easily defended high-value-added goods and services gave it an edge. Margaret Thatchers painful union-bashing left Britain with flexible labour markets at a time when countries such as France and Germany are struggling with unbudgetable workers and high unemployment.1 Of course, with current economic events shaking the world economy, we begin to see some of the potential negative effects of globalization for Britain. In a recent visit to the United States, Gordon Brown was keen to point out that the problems started
Friday, July 26, 2019
Customer Relationships and Marketing Communications Essay
Customer Relationships and Marketing Communications - Essay Example Technology has grown manifolds and has been a great boon to mankind over the past few years. Since the past decade, the intent of the Internet has provided man with a strong weapon to acquire every minute details pertaining to various products in a jiffy of a second. The Internet has provided mechanisms to obtain information related to diverse products by sitting at one spot. These technological trends provide an opportunity to the companies for carrying out a good marketing plan that would satisfy the consumer’s requirements up to a maximum extent possible (Embellix, 2000). The producers are not left with an option to modify the related details as the Internet is a vast field that possesses, the vendor’s site with the product details and also the information that the critics put up pertaining to the specific products. So, the vendors need to be careful about the impact that online information has over the consumer’s thought. Therefore, by the development of tech nology producers cannot fool the consumers with over budgeted advertising schemes. Technology trends are also offering scope for consumers to compare similar products based on their features and quality performance. These sorts of comparisons enable the consumer to purchase the necessary product that would serve the purpose based on all the requirements. Consumer convenience has been a key issue for the producers to add value to their products (Lindsey Partos, 2005). These issues have been mostly addressed by technology developments. The consumers are provided with e-commerce aspects wherein they can do a whole lot of shopping by sitting at home.
Hedge funds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Hedge funds - Essay Example The term "hedge fund" involves any pooled investment medium that is (1) organized in private, (2) directed by experienced and professional investment managers, and (3) not accessible to the public. Hedge funds are supported by rich personalities and institutional investors who are regarded as primary investors. Other investors include (1) endowment funds, (2) pension plans, (3) funds of funds, and (4) retail investors. (Boyle, 2007) Other bodies characterized as hedge funds are systematic and limited partnerships and liability companies or most commonly reside outside the United States. (President's on Working Group on Financial Markets, 1999) Hedge fund originated in 1949. By 1968, 140 hedge funds were operating as reported by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Within the last 20 years, hedge fund industry bloomed and become common in the U.S. market. According to Phelim Boyle (2007), in the year 1990, a total number of 610 funds are controlling $39 billion worth of assets. By 2000, there were 3,873 funds directing $490 billion assets. The estimated size of the hedge fund industry in mid-1998 was in the range of 2,500 and 3,500 hedge funds controlling between $200 and $300 billion worth of capital, totaling more or less $800 up to $1 trillion in total assets. As compared with other U.S. financial market sectors, hedge funds are relatively small. ... (President's on Working Group on Financial Markets, 1999) The Marko Maslakovic (2008) reports that despite the existence of market destabilizations, the hedge fund industry continued to grow in management assets and the number and type of institutions investing in hedge funds. For the assets under management, the hedge fund for this category amounted to over $2,250 billion in the end of 2007. Figure 1 shows the trend of global hedge funds in relation to their assets under management. The number of hedge funds reached over 11,000 in 2007 or 12 percent increase from the previous year (2006). The presence of the increasing credit crisis and increased market volatility did not hinder hedge funds assets from growing by 30 percent in 2007. Hedge funds did not incur any significant influence on the credit crisis because only 5 percent of their assets were examined in mortgage-backed securities in September 2007. Boyle (2007) mentions six (6) reasons for the hedge funds growth: (1) technological innovations, (2) derivatives revolution, (3) special ization, (4) increase of market complexities such as catastrophe bonds and structured products, (5) recent poor market equity performance, and (6) low interest rates. Figure 1 For the distribution of hedge funds in the world, reports of Maslakovic (2008) show that the United States is the major source of hedge fund investments with 67 percent of the total hedge funds assets in 2007. Europe and Asia are the next large sources with 22 percent and 7 percent shares respectively. New York City is the world's leading city for hedge managers and it is followed by London. In New York, around 60 percent of hedge fund managers are stationed in this city.
Thursday, July 25, 2019
AIS-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
AIS-1 - Essay Example eeping in view the requirements of the business operations the treasure evaluates need for procurement of funds and investment of surplus in profitable ventures. He/she drafts policies and procedures for account collections and offering credit to customer and signs notes of indebtedness as approved by higher management. Finally he/she prepares financial reports for management and advises them on investments and loans (Kerr & King, 1984). The controller’s functions include accounting, reporting and control. The accounting function involves preparation and maintenance of accounting records related to each business transaction. Controller directs and coordinates financial planning and budget management functions based on each forecasts submitted by each department’s manager. He/she identifies any variations in operating results against budget by carrying out analytical review of company’s procedures and outcomes and manages the preparation of annual and interim reports of the company. The controller is primarily involved in planning and policy making committees and work as legislative liaison to handle company’s financial issues. The company’s tax issues, payroll and internal audit activities are also governed. Other activities may include preparation of budgets and financial statements. Finally he/she overseas financial management of the company’s foreign operations and assist them to improve (Bragg, 2002). Transaction processing cycle begins with a transaction. A transaction is an agreement between buyer and seller to exchanges goods or services for payment. Transaction processing cycle therefore relates to repetitive flow of the activities of an ongoing enterprise. There are three major transaction cycles which include (1) Revenue Cycle which relates to sales, shipping, receivables, and collections arising from company’s activities (2) Buying Cycle which relates to purchases, payables, and payments of company’s activities and (3) Production
Wednesday, July 24, 2019
Campus Safety long proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Campus Safety long - Research Proposal Example These statistics so eloquently illustrate a grim situation, where students are not safe inside the campus and this predicament is especially threatening to female students. During earlier days, college campuses have been perceived as â€Å"ivory towers†where students received immunity from the evils of the outside world but since the 1980s the â€Å"image began to change†(Fernandez and Lizotte 29). However, over the course of time, this notion has changed due to the trend of increasing crimes within the campus. Obviously, the reason for economic crimes is poverty and people from the locality of a campus commit such crimes on the students for financial gains. Hate crimes, discrimination and behaviors such as binge drinking, which is strongly associated with â€Å"sexual assaults,†are the causes of violent crimes within the campus (Crime on Campus 97). Similarly, the lack of proper systems to monitor security within campus such as security cameras, alarms etc as well as the presence of antisocial elements in the proximity of the campus can also encourage crimes. The administration and faculty in our campus are aware of the situation but, due to financial constraints they have not been able to implement adequate measures for effectively providing full security within the campus. Thus, securing campus perimeters, installing â€Å"physical access control mechanisms†including interior locks for classrooms and controlled access locks for dormitories etc are some of the traditional means of security in the campuses (Securing Our Future 8). On the other hand, recent trends in security measures suggest the use of technology in securing the campus by installing devices such as â€Å"surveillance cameras†and alarm systems or assigning the responsibility to private security agencies (8). However, these measures involve higher rates of investment and most of the campuses do not have adequate funding to support such endeavors. The Cost of Installing Adequate Security in Campuses and the Benefits: While sophisticated â€Å"Physical Security Solutions†are available in the market, college authorities often become constrained to use them due to the cost factor (Campus Safety 5). Details of security systems are attached as Annexure-I. Evidence suggests that the cost for installing an integrated security can be anywhere from US $ 1,868,116 to 2,464,693 for a â€Å"145,313 square-foot building†(Creating Safe Campuses 10). Estimates further indicate that the cost of campus security at major colleges or universities averages to â€Å"$ 1.2 million to 2 million per year†(Fickes par.6). Reputed brands such as Samsung, PolarizUSA, Logitech Alert, Panasonic etc are the leading market players in this segment and they can supply bulk as well as individual, customized security solutions. The following measures are, however, suggested for implementation as they can fetch the benefits listed against them: Se curity Cameras: A standard video surveillance camera, which can be connected to the â€Å"security gate over its own fiber-optic link†costs about US $ 8,000 per piece (University Cost- 1). This measure, however, can provide proper security within the campus as anybody making a wrong move will be caught on the tape and will be held accountable for further prosecution. This will create fear
Tuesday, July 23, 2019
Parity theories analyse and operation in the global economy Essay
Parity theories analyse and operation in the global economy - Essay Example Another theory that advances a notion of equalization or parity is the Heckscher-Ohlin theory. The Hecksher-Ohlin theory is composed of two theorems. The first theorem explains and predicts comparative advantage. Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage assumes but do not explain comparative advantage. The Heckscher-Ohlin Theory’s, particularly the first theorem of the theory, explains comparative advantage to be rooted the in relative factor abundance between nations. The second theorem of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory holds that when there are no restrictions to trade, there will be relative as well as absolute factor price equalisation. Factors of production are land, labour, and capital. The Heckscher-Ohlin asserts, however, that the theory is applicable for labour and capital. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory asserts that with trade liberalisation, mobility of goods can substitute for the mobility of factors and, because of this, relative and absolute factor price equalisa tion will be realized. ... that interest rates will move to parity as interest rates reflect the price of capital which is one of the factors of production and, based on Heckscher-Ohlin theory, mobility of goods substitutes for the mobility of factors and, thus, interest rates also move to parity. II. A main argument against parity theories: markets do not clear There are at least two major areas of the debate on the parity theories. One area of debates is whether markets really move towards equilibrium. Another area of the debate is on the empirical validity of the parity theories: the theories may appear logical but the predictions of the theories and/or their assumptions are not in accord with the situation in the real world. In other words, there are arguments that the theories may be logically constructed but they may not be empirically valid. We discuss empirical validity in the succeeding section and discuss in this section why some economists and critics do not believe why markets do not move towards e quilibrium. The perspective or assertion that markets clear is the more conventional and standard assumption in economics. This view is called the classical view (the more modern variants of this view are the neo-classical and new classical perspectives in economics). The classical view is the theory or perspective that is one of the most important building blocks in many theories of economics. However, another perspective that is also conventional but which has a less following in economics today is the Keynesian perspective.1 One variant of the Keynesian perspective asserts that markets do not clear because there are several obstacles to market clearing. It is a perspective that has a significant following and influence among economists. According to this variant of the Keynesian
Monday, July 22, 2019
Dead Man’s Path by Chinua Achebe Essay Example for Free
Dead Man’s Path by Chinua Achebe Essay Introduction            The story is generally depicting the theme which is said to be modernity versus old. The old is characterized by the villagers which still continues doing their rituals and also it is characterized by the pathway (Nerdicity).            The new or modernity is characterized and depicted by the institution and the new headmasters who aimed for renewing almost all of the old staffs at the school (Nerdicity).            The institution, as depicted in the story as the explanation for the theme, tends the humanity of that generation to be liberated with regard to newer and or modern things (Nerdicity). They are also trying to liberate the villagers that the villager’s old beliefs and practices are wrong which includes the practice of their belief about the pathway (Nerdicity). Theme explanation            The theme in the story is about Modern versus Old. It is said that Chinua Achebe came up to this theme based on how the new Nigerian thinks. The new Nigerian’s way of thinking explains their ideologies on beautifying gardens (Nerdicity).            In this theme as explained in the story, Michael Oli wanted a development at the institution abut the problem is; the villagers are a source of hindrance to his development plan for the school.            The theme is explaining how certain people wanted a more liberated and modernized society for a better living but still there are some who does not want to go with this modernization issue. They are contented following their old practices. The theme also explains how extinction of old practices including tradition and cultures because of the rapid development and its being imposed to the people.            The theme also explained that imposing new ideas to people who believes and appreciates old practices is a hard thing to do that will need your patience and understanding.            Imposing new is better for it will benefit a lot of aspects in life but it will be better if instead of making all things new, people can combine new and old instead that will be more effective for everyone as it won’t be a source for any conflict.            Example of new versus old is the modernity versus traditional.            It conveys the lesson which states that traditions should not be changed into new ones and it should also be not ignored.            The theme is said to be effective for people to realize that old beliefs are said to be influential and important so it should not be disregarded. Traditions are somehow an alternatives in teaching morals, it is said to be much more influential because there are lessons that people can learn through this (Cindy). About the theme            The author created the theme because he wanted people to be informed and to realize that endorsing such modernity over traditional matter in a bad approach will create a negative consequence (LLC).            Chinua Achebe wanted to impose that when a certain person intends and tries to block a certain essential aspect of that person’s existence, the act could create or lead into a negative reaction and consequences (LLC). This is depicted when Michael Obi blocked the path where it is part of the villager’s important ritual in respect for their ancestors whenever someone dies.            The theme was generally made for people to see the negative impact of modernity to traditional activities. The impact in the story depicted through the theme is explaining that in order to convince people to accept certain ideologies, the one who imposes should also possess the characteristics that others would respect (LLC). This characteristic is important in order for other existence to accept the ideologies that a certain person imposes (LLC). Universal truth            Indeed, the story expresses universal truth because people can’t deny the fact that there are really some people at any part of the world that endorses betterment in certain people but does it in a negative approach. People would be insulted through this kind of approach that provokes them to start a misunderstanding and conflict to each other.            An example of this is when a certain person preaches something according to his views and beliefs. If a certain person imposed his ideologies and forced people to believe by threatening their lives or their own beliefs, the act will cause into major conflicts.            This statement is an example situation based on the theme of the story by Chinua Achebe. Symbols used in the story            In the story, there are a lot of instances that symbolizes the given theme. One of this is when Michael imposed the modernity by renewing almost all of the old professors in the school and changing them into new and younger ones (Classroom).            Michael could have imposed his aim of modernity through adding new teachers hence still allowing the old ones to perform their teaching in the school but he did the other way. Michael aimed to remove the villager’s right to practice their important rituals instead of respecting it (Classroom).            Michel did not respect the rituals and beliefs of the villagers hence he also disregarded what the priest advised him. Michael blocked the pathway to avoid the villagers from walking though it and he did it to prevent them from ruining the property (Classroom).            By doing the certain act, Michael is said to have insulted the villager’s beliefs and ritual practice. He could have just let the villagers take that certain part and took another part to accomplish his project due to beautifying the school. Lastly is when Michael ignored what the villagers asked of him to be able to resolve the arising conflict. The villagers asked him to do a heavy sacrifice in order to conciliate his fault from the villager’s ancestors (Classroom).            This is implying the disrespect to someone’s beliefs. Instead of following what they asked of him, he ignored the idea and continued on imposing what he wanted. Symbols            The school ground as the pathway, this symbolizes the tradition and beliefs of the villagers. It is explained in the story that it is a part of the villager’s ritual to take that certain path whenever someone dies.            The blocking of the pathway; this symbolizes the unacceptance and disrespect of Michael as the main character. He disrespected the villager’s practices which they’ve done always. Conclusion            The author came up to the theme by implying his view on respecting one’s beliefs and traditions. If a certain person wants his ideologies to be accepted, he should impose it in a kind manner.            If a certain person wants to succeed imposing his ideas, he then should also respect other’s ideologies to prevent things from leading into conflicts and negative reactions.            The Author of the story in my opinion is aware that tradition might be forgotten because of the developments and liberations that the society imposes.            Achebe showed through his story about his respect to certain people’s beliefs even if it is not evidently true, thus it is everyone’s right to practice their cultural and traditional beliefs as long as it wont be a reason for other people’s oppression (Cindy).            This is what the theme implies through the story Dead Man’s Path by Chinua Achebe. Works Cited Cindy. Dead Mans Path. 2007. Classroom, The Global. Dead Mens Path Chinua Achebe , 2006. LLC, Mega Essays. Chinua Achebe, Dead Mans Path. 2007. Nerdicity. Dead Mans Path. 2006.
The Vietnam And Somalia Syndrome History Essay
The Vietnam And Somalia Syndrome History Essay Defining humanitarian intervention has become fraught with ambiguities since it has most recently been a veneer in interventions in Iraq and Afghanistan ex post facto. As Reiff asserts Wars waged by developed countries all aspire on a certain level to humanitarian intervention [1] The use of humanitarianism justification as veil for national interests has clouded the terminology and sustained perceptions that humanitarianism is a vehicle of Imperialism. [2] In order to frame the analysis, Holzgreffe qualifies humanitarian intervention as The threat or use of force across state borders by a state (or group of states) aimed at preventing or ending widespread and grave violations of the fundamental human rights of individuals other than its own citizens. [3] Although humanitarian intervention is rarely purely altruistic, the desire to address violations of human rights beyond national interests should be the driving force. [4] This analysis aims to explore the extent to which Vietnam and Somalia, two foreign policy interventions widely perceived as failures, have become synthesized into humanitarian intervention policy-making. As Robert Jervis argues, No intervention is discreet and separate; each instance changes the political landscape in which the actors operate. [5] Therefore the analysis will explore how these historical analogies interacted and informed policy-making consciousness. By evaluating the extent to which policy makers viewed humanitarian crises through the historical lens, it will examine how every decision is partly a response to past outcome. [6] The analysis will retrace political implications of Vietnam in the Carter and Reagan era, leading to examine if George H.W Bushs assertion that the Gulf War successfully kicked the Vietnam syndrome held truth. Furthermore, it will argue that failures in Somalia can be linked to Vietnam syndrome thus shaping foreign policy in Rwanda. It will argue that historical legacy of Vietnam and Somalia had three key repercussions for US humanitarian interventions: it questioned the global US role, it altered strategy by insisting on clear objectives and end goals and heightened the need for garnering public consensus. However, that historical factors cannot be viewed in isolation, a confluence of system level factors in the post-cold war period and individual factors also moulded episodes of humanitarian engagement. Owing to the limited scope of the essay, the analysis will focus upon key case studies up until the Clinton era, although this is by no means an exhaustive list of humanitarian interventions. The trope Vietnam has functioned as a metaphor for humiliation, exposing the limits of American power and capability on the international scene. Vietnam syndrome extended from a term to describe post traumatic stress experienced by veterans to encompass the political impact of the conflict on home soil, engendering a belief that the United States should avoid military intervention abroad [7] . Amid the rising causalities, the loss of public consensus raised questions about the US role in conflicts with limited national interest. [8] However, the way in which lessons from Vietnam were synthesized into foreign policy varied and often coalesced into different strategies. In his Notre Dame Speech Carter recognised the moral void left by Vietnam calling it: the best example of intellectual and moral poverty. [9] Across the left, Vietnam syndrome generally manifested itself in an aversion to military engagement fear in which the US would become bogged down in a similar quagmire. As a result, the Democratic majority in Congress enacted the 1973 War Powers Resolution, restricting the president from sending U.S. troops into combat for more than ninety days without congressional consent. [10] By reasserting congressional authority over foreign policy making, it aimed to avoid centralization of decisions in the hands of a presidency to prevent another Vietnam scenario. [11] Conversely, the failure of Vietnam was perceived largely across the right as self-inflicted owing to the absence of strong leadership and substantial force thus contributing to the post-war decline. Reagans revisionist interpretation of Vietnam attributed self-doubt to the failure in Vietnam: There is a lesson for all of us in Vietnam. If we are forced to fight, we must have the means and determination to prevail. [12] Thus he aimed to restore the US role to its pre-war status quo and dispel the image of US decline on the world stage. Congressional refusal to authorise military intervention in Central America despite Reagans attempt to link humanitarian and national security interests, showed that Vietnam syndrome had trumped the Reagan Doctrine. The proxy war bolstering anti-communist allies and the reluctance to commit boots on the ground demonstrated that Vietnam had left a profound imprint on US strategy. In view of a potential Vietnam re-run in Central America, the Weinberger doctrine codified collective lessons from the Vietnam. It consisted of six tests to be used before the United States intervened including that vital interests must be at stake and congressional and public support must be obtained. [13] The clearest enunciation of military policy since Vietnam reflected how Vietnam syndrome had become integrated in US strategy, later informing the Powell doctrine. [14] Reagans successor George H. W Bush, was acutely aware of the constraints Vietnam syndrome placed on foreign policy as referenced in his inauguration speech The final lesson of Vietnam is that no great nation can afford to be to be surrendered by memory. [15] Bush asserted that Vietnam was a case in point of how not to use military force, voicing particular criticism of Johnsons gradual escalation of firepower in Vietnam. [16] Bushs chance to exorcise Vietnam Syndrome came when Saddam Husseins military repression of Kurdish and Shiite uprisings prompted a mass exodus of refugees into Turkey and Iran. This was compounded by the closure of Turkeys borders, forcing thousands of Kurds to be trapped in the hostile mountain pass. Following international pressure, the US retracted its initial policy of non-intervention, founded on the fear it would make the U.S responsible for the government that emerged in Iraq. [17] Resolution 688 authorized military force to guarantee humanitarian organisations access to civilians in Iraq and was launched by declaring a no-fly zone and relief operation for the Kurds. [18] The intervention synthesized the lessons from Vietnam in two key ways. Firstly, the need to garner public support was met by Bush emphasising moral grounds, which were ambiguously delineated in Vietnam. Bush equated Saddam to Hitler revisited creating a good vs. evil frame through which public opinion could perceive the conflict. [19] He contended that I think the humanitarian concern; the refugee concern is so overwhelming that there will be a lot of understanding about this. [20] The moral impetus of the US role as an upholder of humanitarian values, coupled with the United Nations Security Councils resolution appended legitimacy to intervention serving to reinforce public support. Secondly, Vietnam syndrome had clear repercussions in Bushs strategy. The conditions for the use of force, stipulated in the Weinberg doctrine were becoming institutionalized with the Powell doctrine. [21]  From an individual level of analysis Colin Powells beliefs sets were shaped by experiences as a Vietnam veteran , I was appalled[]fighting the war in Vietnam without ever pressing the political leaders to lay out clear objectives for them. [22] The Powell doctrine called for overwhelming force, once diplomatic means are exhausted, and a clearly defined exit strategy. The doctrines tenets are reflected in Operation Provide Comfort given the USs reluctance to persuade Turkey to meet its international humanitarian obligations and open its borders, grounded in the fear of being sucked into a civil war. [23] Bushs advisers warned that broadening a U.S. mission to finding a solution to Kurdish identity could become a protracted business, ceding to mission creep anal ogous with Vietnam. After the success of the Gulf war, Bush proclaimed: By God, weve kicked the Vietnam Syndrome once and for all demonstrating the degree to which Vietnam had shaped foreign policy. Operation Provide Comfort had no doubt raised the nations confidence in its foreign policy and military leadership. [24] However Bushs eulogy of the syndrome was premature: the conduct of humanitarian intervention, emphasising air-power and avoiding mission creep complied with the Vietnam syndromes central canons of using maximum force with minimal casualties which effectively institutionalized the syndrome rather than kicking it. [25] Equally, the military success is more likely to have triumphed the Powell doctrine rather than exorcising Vietnam Syndrome and concerns with intervention abroad. [26] Informed by the lessons of Vietnam, the Powell Doctrine reinforced heavy reliance on fire-power, technology and a concrete exit strategy which blinded US policy makers to the complexity of the p olitical terrain in Somalia. [27] Clinton inherited the Somalia intervention from the Bushs administrations involvement in UNISOM I which monitored the ceasefire in Mogadishu and escorted deliveries of humanitarian supplies. Making a clear distinction between his democratic engagement policy, Clinton stressed that intervention in Somalia was purely humanitarian: The U.S. military mission is not now nor was it ever one of nation building. [28] However, the initial success was curtailed by the black-hawk down incident culminating in images of a dead US soldier dragged through the streets of Mogadishu, rekindling the latent casualty aversion left by the Vietnam vestige. This was exacerbated by the belief that Somalia was a low-risk humanitarian intervention and by the CNN effect of real-time news reports eliciting a strong emotional response amongst public opinion. [29] Amid rapidly deteriorating public and congressional support for the mission, Clinton announced the end of U.S. involvement in Somalia. The Somalia syndrome is inherently linked to Vietnam Syndrome as alluded to in diplomat Richard Holbrookes coining of Vietmalia syndrome [30] . The Powell Doctrine, stemming from the lessons of Vietnam, locked the US into a realist mindset that overwhelming force would reap success in combat operations, shifting the focus away from non-state actors. [31] Equally, limited objectives tethered by the avoidance of mission creep prevented the mission expanding into a tougher approach to peace-keeping. These factors were incoherent with the deeply rooted political factors of the humanitarian crisis. Bushs assertion that Our mission was humanitarian [] we do not plan to dictate political outcomes [32] became untenable given that political reconstruction became intrinsic to humanitarian interests; this is evidenced when the purely humanitarian objective spiralled into pursuing a Somalia warlord. In their man-milieu hypothesis, Sprout and Sprout argue the context in which decision makers operate is formed by a variety of factors including history, culture and political institutions. [33] Clintons lack of military experience attracting criticisms of incompetence, his personal anti-Vietnam stance [34] and the republican majority in congress all interacted to shape the Somalia strategy. [35] The reluctance to commit troops to Somalia highlighted not only how the spectre of Vietnam permeated the policy remit but also that the historical analogy coalesced with individual and domestic factors. This supports the initial argument that Vietnam syndrome was present amongst a confluence of other factors influencing foreign policy. In the first framework of US peace-keeping role in the post- Cold War period, PDD 25 formally enshrined The Somalia Syndrome in US policy. It outlined specific criteria for US peacekeeping efforts and stipulated the US unwillingness to become involved in sub-national conflicts. [36] This precluded refusal to respond to the Rwandan genocide and supported the view that Somalia was a pivotal factor in influencing US policy making process. [37] The Somalia syndrome manifested itself in two key ways in US policy regarding Rwanda. Firstly, the public and political sphere viewed the unfolding violence misguidedly through the Somalia lens. As Klinghoffer sustains: The Somalia image of a failed state with random violence masked the actual premeditation and directing role of the Hutu extremists in the interim government. [38] This demonstrates that the historical proximity of the Rwandan genocide to Somalia became an analogical referent through which the events were seen in the frame work of a common African schema. That is to say, characteristics of the Rwandan genocide such as a failed-state and mass violence etc. were seen as synonymous with Somalia. Des Forges argues the hopeless imagery created by Somalia, legitimized the policy inaction. [39] In this line of thought, congressional and public opinion perceived a repeat of the Somalia imbroglio as unacceptable to future peacekeeping operations. Secondly, Washingto n became wary of peacekeeping missions undertaken by other countries fearing a costly U.S entanglement and crossing the Moghadishu line from peacekeeping to combat operations. [40] This underscored a retreat from assertive multilateralism to a limited US role in peacekeeping g operations. Non-intervention in Rwanda demonstrates that the Somalia syndrome had profound effects firstly in terms of defining the US role. As the sole superpower in the post-war era with leverage over United Nations, the unwillingness to demonstrate moral leadership in Rwanda restricted the parameters of US exceptionalism. Furthermore, policy makers responded to public casualty aversion in Somalia which consequently limited strategy options in Rwanda where national interests were not articulated. [41] Vietnam and Somalia have become increasingly institutionalized; ranging from the War powers act to PDD 25. [42] As outlined in the introduction, this has set a paradigm of redefining the US role in humanitarian interventions. By narrowing criteria for intervention, the Somalia Syndrome undermined the USs special role in New world Order envisioned by Bush. [43] Furthermore, the strategies which have evolved from lessons of Vietnam and Somalia have not be homogenous; Reagans proxy wars, the Powell doctrine and non-intervention in Rwanda demonstrate how the historical milieu has interacted with system and individual level factors thus generating key differences between Vietnam and Somalia syndromes. Following Vietnam, the US wanted to avoid the Soviet Union capitalising on US entanglement in a Third World conflict. Conversely, as the worlds sole superpower in the post Cold-war era, in the aftermath of Somalia Washington downplayed the threat posed by failing states with no national interests. This is supported by the man milieu theory which shows that Individual factors such Clintons lack of experience in foreign policy and Powells Vietnam experience have interacted with the lessons of Vietnam to formulate humanitarian intervention policy. Finally, public support became intrinsic to granting the moral legitimacy lacking from Vietnam. The polarization of public and congressional opinion constrained future presidential policy options and exemplified the need to link national interests with humanitarian crises. A significant drop in American tolerance for battlefield causalities no longer justifiable in the post Cold-War era by the struggle against communism, forced Clinton to retreat from an earlier multilateral humanitarian agenda. [44] Historical analogies continue to inform foreign policy. Parallels between Vietnam and Afghanistan in terms of protracted insurgency, public hostility and scepticism of a moral justification raise questions about the legacy of Afghanistan Syndrome on future humanitarian crises.
Sunday, July 21, 2019
Principles Of Crop Science Environmental Sciences Essay
Principles Of Crop Science Environmental Sciences Essay The increasing population of the world has led to great issues dealing with demand and supply. This in turn leads to advancements in various scientific and cultural techniques to use the limited available resources in an effective way. The alarming issue in the recent days like urbanization, scarce area for agriculture, limited availability of resources and food security has led to development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to resist against pest and weeds. Among various issues coming up, this paper mainly discusses about the major crop management practices to improve crop for high yield and profit which is equally as important as GMOs. Crop management practices There are various methods of crop management practices, varying according to the types of resources used, climate and various other natural factors that involves the type of management to choose. Crop management involves growing crops on a massive scale, by involving methods like tillage, crop rotation, inter cropping, culling, composting, pest control and weed management, effective resources capture, irrigation techniques and hybridization. Few of the major management techniques are discussed below. Weeds, Pests and Disease control The European Weed Science Society defines weed as any plant or vegetation, excluding fungi, interfering with the objectives or requirements of people. Reduction of crop yield is the major reason for attempts to reduce weed population in arable crops. The first attempts at controlling weeds used manual labour and hand-hoeing which, at present days is a time consuming process. Thus a major development was the development of herbicides (Naylor, 2002). The worldwide efficacy in controlling weed (68%) was considerably higher than the control of animal pests or diseases (39% and 32%, respectively). The continuous use of herbicide and pesticides led to the appearance of resistant biotypes of weeds and pests, playing major role in contamination of the environment [2]. In the recent days the integrated weed management (IWM) approaches plays a vital role as they incorporate multiple tactics of prevention, avoidance, monitoring and suppression of weeds, undergirded by the knowledge of agro ecosystem biology. The development of IWM was motivated by a desire to provide farmers with systematic approaches to reduce reliance upon herbicide and retard the selection of herbicide-resistant biotypes. [5] Worldwide, pre-harvest and post-harvest losses to insects, weeds, and plant pathogens are estimated at 45 percent additional losses can be attributed to vertebrate pests. Selection of resistant varieties, rotation crops, crops for inter plantings and cover crops is important for successful crop production with minimal inputs of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Studies say that the use of pesticides has not solved the pest problem completely and in the past 50 years, insecticide use has increased tenfold, while crop losses from pest damage have doubled. Thus still there are studies being carried on pest control. The natural methods of control is more preferable for three major reasons like cost, safe to people and safe to environment also has no side effects. [4] Pests and diseases impact on crop yield and quality, and also reduce resource-use efficiency. Improved crop protection strategies to prevent such damage and loss can increase production and make a substantial contribution to food security. (Advances in plant disease and pest management, J. A. LUCAS,2010) Irrigation technique Irrigation is the method of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and rejuvenation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. The basic principle of irrigation is to help plants on evapo-transpiration process which plays a vital role in transportation of nutrients from soil to any part of the plant. In simple words it is expressed as More water supply More transpiration More CO2 More dry matter More yield More Profit There are various types of irrigation techniques varying upon the climate, nature of soil, nature of vegetation. In general, the goal is to supply the entire field uniformly with water, so that each plant has the amount of water it needs, neither too much nor too little. The earliest methods of irrigation were the perennial, basin and the terrace irrigation and the recent days developments were the sprinkler (gun sprinkler, portable solid-set sprinkler, pivot systems, side-roll sprinkler etc) and micro irrigation (drip irrigation). The type of irrigation technique plays a major role in the crop yield. But each irrigation systems have its own limitations and thus it is very important to choose the most suitable irrigation technique for particular variety of crop, after studying its various properties on its growth and development. For example, a study made in the western United States corn belt showed variation in the yield differing between the pivot and surface irrigation. Therefore choosing the right way of irrigation method is also an important way of crop management [3] 2.3. Resource capture The principle of resource capture is to provide a framework through which the productivity of vegetation can be analysed through the capture and conversion of environmental resources. The most basic resources that a plant would obtain are from the atmosphere and soil. The plants obtain carbon dioxide, light, temperature, and humidity from the atmosphere, whereas obtains water and other mineral nutrients from the soil. So resource capture is classified as the above ground and below ground resource capture. The crops depend on light for growth and depend on day length and temperature for its development. In the below ground resource capture, key natural resource which provides the most essential forms of nutrients for the plants growth which is associated with the integrated effect of management on most properties of soil that determines the sustainability and crop productivity is the soil. Good soil quality not only produces good crop yield, but also maintains environmental quality and consequently plant, animal and human health.. Growing of crops one after another without giving due consideration to nutrient requirement has resulted in decline in soil fertility, especially of nitrogen. Studies say that Zero- or reduced tillage crop production practices, coupled with proper residue management can maintain or improve soil organic matter and has the potential to substantially increase long-term crop production in semi-arid rain fed regions. [1] Conclusion Naylor, [1] Long-term soil management effects on crop yields and soil quality in a dryland Alfisol K.L. Sharmaa,*, Uttam Kumar Mandala, K. Srinivasa, K.P.R. Vittala, Biswapati Mandalb, J. Kusuma Gracea, V. Ramesha , Soil Tillage Research 83 (2005) 246-259 [2] Advances in weed management strategies C.M. Ghersaa,*, R.L. Benech-Arnoldb, E.H. Satorreb, M.A. Martà µÃƒâ€šnez-Ghersaa, Field Crops Research 67 (2000) 95 ±104 [3] High-yield irrigated maize in the Western U.S. Corn Belt: II. Irrigation management and crop water productivity Patricio Grassinia, Haishun Yangb, Suat Irmakc, John Thorburnd, Charles Burre, Kenneth G. Cassmana,à ¢Ã‹â€ -, Field Crops Research 120 (2011) 133-141 [4] Some agrometeorological aspects of pest and disease management for the 21st century Joyce Fox Strand, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 103 (2000) 73-82 [5] Targeting the farmer decision making process: A pathway to increased adoption of integrated weed management R.S. Wilson a,*, N. Hooker e, M. Tucker d, J. LeJeune c, D. Doohan b, Crop Protection 28 (2009) 756-764
Saturday, July 20, 2019
Identifying a Computers Parts :: Computer Science Electronics Essays Papers
Identifying a Computer's Parts Computer is no longer something new and magical to many people nowadays, because many families now have at least one computer in their homes. It is without doubt that there are thousands and millions of computer users in the country, but is it ever possible for all of them to explain how a computer works? No. Alright, can they even classify the components of a computer appropriately? Not quite. They may know how to describe the physical appearance of a computer and they will probably include two or three other terms as well, such as monitor, keyboard or a mouse. Nonetheless, classification of a computer should not be done this way. In fact, a computer can be broken down into three distinct categories, namely output, input and CPU. The term 'output' consists of all components that display words and graphics so that a person can see them. Many people can easily understand why the monitor is a form of output device since it is the screen that tells them what the computer is actually doing. Simply put, without a monitor, the computer itself is basically useless. Another form of output, which is rarely noticed by many computer users however, is the printer. Many people have probably used a printer before, but it is just that they never realize it is also a form of output. As opposed to 'output', 'input' consists of components that take in information from the users themselves so that the computer will know the tasks it is supposed to perform and accomplish. The keyboard is classified as a form of input because this is where the users enter commands and text. There are many other forms of input as well. Nonetheless, many people just don't realize them, or are too lazy to classify them. For instance, the mouse belongs to input, since it provides a floating pointer on the screen so that the users can access commands faster and easier. The scanner is another form of input, because it acts like a photocopier, except it scans the image and makes it onto the computer screen instead of onto a piece of paper. The CPU, Central Processing Unit is probably the most important category of the three. As the name implies, it is the soul of a computer, very much alike the human brain. For unknown reasons though, people often call the CPU a computer. This is absolutely incorrect. The word computer is merely a general term which must always include all the three categories in order to operate. Perhaps the constituents of a CPU itself should be mentioned.
Friday, July 19, 2019
Anti-Dumping Essay -- essays research papers
Antidumping law and practice- USA and China. Among the trilogy of trade remedy regimes- countervailing duty, safeguard and antidumping actions- antidumping actions are by far the remedy of choice. It’s a measure internationally adopted to stop unfair competition, regulate international market order and protect the security of the national industries. It’s adopted by an increasing number of countries as it’s playing an increasingly important role in international trade. It’s perhaps the most controversial subject involving foreign trade. The United States is the world’s biggest user of antidumping and has been for decades. China, on the other hand, has been the number-one target of antidumping by most countries for the past decade. The first dumping lawsuit against china came in 1979 when Europeans accused Chinese saccharin manufacturers of dumping. If a company exports a product at a price lower than the price it normally charges on its own home market, it is said to be â€Å"dumping†the product. The WTO agreement does not pass judgment. Its focus is on how governments can or cannot react to dumping- it disciplines antidumping actions, and it is often called the â€Å"Antidumping Agreement†(The Agreement on Implementation of article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994). Antidumping refers to a legal system under which the government of a country investigates the dumping of imports and take corresponding antidumping measures in accordance with the law. Broadly speaking, the WTO agreement allows governments to act against dumping where there is genuine (â€Å"material†) injury to the competing domestic industry. In order to do that the government has to be able to show that dumping is taking place, calculate the extent of dumping and show that the dumping is causing injury or threatening to do so. Typically, antidumping action means charging extra import duty on the particular product from the particular exporting country in order to â€Å"bring†its price closer to the â€Å"normal value†or to remove the injury to domestic industry in the importing country. There are many different ways of calculating whether a particular product is being dumped. The agreement (AD Agreement) narrows down the range of possible options to three methods. The main one is based on the price in the exporter’s domestic market. When this cannot be used, two alternatives are availa... ...s and harming for an average American consumer. Antidumping is a widely used remedy in international trade. Some countries use it more commonly than others. Some initiate a lot of antidumping cases, other are targets of these initiations. There are as many defenders as opponents nation and worldwide. Antidumping actions are to some extent very subjective and it makes it, among other arguments, a very controversial tool. Some even find it a threat to the international trade and prove that it is against free trade. Antidumping involves too many emotions and political influence. In many cases it’s a very short-term remedy for a difficult situation. However, it makes life more difficult for those thinking about predatory entrance and unfair competition. Both are against market order and fair competition with equal opportunities for everybody. It’s unethical and harmful to win a market with forbidden actions. Antidumping will still arouse emotions and protests: as long as there will be countries which antidumping institut ions are under political pressure to protect particular sectors/industries and as long as there will countries willing to win foreign markets no matter what price.
The tragedy of the commons invading our environmental rights case study
                                                                 10/27/04                                    Research in the Disciplines                                    First Paper Final Draft Tragedy of the commons invading our environmental rights: Case study Coral Reefs      In our world there are many resources, all of which people do not have a choice in sharing such as our air and our oceans. These resources are looked at as infinite, although this is not actually the case. Each time one person does something to pollute or use these types of resources, it affects the whole of society. This is the idea of the tragedy of the commons. This tragedy is the phenomena in which a resource may be used to such an extent that it is ruined for all. An example of this tragedy is given in the following scenario: given an open pasture as a commons to which all the herdsmen have a stake; each one will try and keep as many animals on the commons as possible. By adding one more animal to his herd, an individual gains a positive to himself but the negative effect of over grazing is felt throughout the commons. The effect, of overgrazing by one additional animal appears minimal so the other rational herdsmen conclude to add an additional animal to the ir own herd. Since all the herdsmen are thought to be rational this conclusion is reached by each of them. The effect of, overgrazing will become detrimental to the pasture and all the animals will die. There in is the tragedy because of peoples’ greed to use and or need of a limited resource the over use or degradation of it leads to its destruction. The destruction of these resources leads into another topic discussed by Shari C... ...and Max L. Coleman. â€Å"Record of natural and anthropogenic changes in reef environments (Barbados West Indies) using laser ablation ICP-MS and sclerochronology on coral cores†Coral Reefs 22 :416-426 Hoegh-Guldberg, â€Å"Coral reefs in a century of rapid environmental change.†Symbiosis 37(2004) 1-31. Jokiel Paul l and Brown Eric K â€Å"Global warming, regional trends and inshore environmental conditions influence coral bleaching in Hawaii†Global Change Biology 10(2004)1627-1641 Kà ¼hlmann, Dietrich H. H. (1985) Living Coral Reefs of the World. New York: Arco Publishing, Inc. Global Warming. Environmental Protection Agency . November 2, 2004. Famous Coral Reefs Damaged Due to Global Warming will Take a Century to Recover. NASA. November 2, 2004 West Jordan M. and Salm Rodney V. â€Å"Resistance and Resilience to Coral Bleaching: Implications for Coral Reef Conservation and Management†Conservation Biology 17.4(2004) 956-967 Major Reef-building Coral Diseases. NOAA&CORIS November 9 2004 http://www.coris.noaa.gov/about/diseases/diseases.html#coral%20bleaching Coral reef restoration: the status of the science. William F. Precht November 11, 2004. http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/precht.html The tragedy of the commons invading our environmental rights case study                                                                  10/27/04                                    Research in the Disciplines                                    First Paper Final Draft Tragedy of the commons invading our environmental rights: Case study Coral Reefs      In our world there are many resources, all of which people do not have a choice in sharing such as our air and our oceans. These resources are looked at as infinite, although this is not actually the case. Each time one person does something to pollute or use these types of resources, it affects the whole of society. This is the idea of the tragedy of the commons. This tragedy is the phenomena in which a resource may be used to such an extent that it is ruined for all. An example of this tragedy is given in the following scenario: given an open pasture as a commons to which all the herdsmen have a stake; each one will try and keep as many animals on the commons as possible. By adding one more animal to his herd, an individual gains a positive to himself but the negative effect of over grazing is felt throughout the commons. The effect, of overgrazing by one additional animal appears minimal so the other rational herdsmen conclude to add an additional animal to the ir own herd. Since all the herdsmen are thought to be rational this conclusion is reached by each of them. The effect of, overgrazing will become detrimental to the pasture and all the animals will die. There in is the tragedy because of peoples’ greed to use and or need of a limited resource the over use or degradation of it leads to its destruction. The destruction of these resources leads into another topic discussed by Shari C... ...and Max L. Coleman. â€Å"Record of natural and anthropogenic changes in reef environments (Barbados West Indies) using laser ablation ICP-MS and sclerochronology on coral cores†Coral Reefs 22 :416-426 Hoegh-Guldberg, â€Å"Coral reefs in a century of rapid environmental change.†Symbiosis 37(2004) 1-31. Jokiel Paul l and Brown Eric K â€Å"Global warming, regional trends and inshore environmental conditions influence coral bleaching in Hawaii†Global Change Biology 10(2004)1627-1641 Kà ¼hlmann, Dietrich H. H. (1985) Living Coral Reefs of the World. New York: Arco Publishing, Inc. Global Warming. Environmental Protection Agency . November 2, 2004. Famous Coral Reefs Damaged Due to Global Warming will Take a Century to Recover. NASA. November 2, 2004 West Jordan M. and Salm Rodney V. â€Å"Resistance and Resilience to Coral Bleaching: Implications for Coral Reef Conservation and Management†Conservation Biology 17.4(2004) 956-967 Major Reef-building Coral Diseases. NOAA&CORIS November 9 2004 http://www.coris.noaa.gov/about/diseases/diseases.html#coral%20bleaching Coral reef restoration: the status of the science. William F. Precht November 11, 2004. http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/precht.html
Thursday, July 18, 2019
Abuse & Fraud Essay
In the present health care system, hospital practitioner joint ventures make all the interested parties subject to a complex network of regulations and law and to the scrutiny by many federal agencies including:  ·Ã‚        The United States Department of Health and Human services (HHS)  ·Ã‚        The Office of the Inspector General (OIG)  ·Ã‚        The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the General Accounting Office (GAO)  ·Ã‚        The Federal Trade Commission (FTC)  ·Ã‚        The department of Justice (DOJ)  ·Ã‚        The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) In addition to this, many hospital financial managers must thoroughly understand the complex laws and regulations that normally affect their relationship with the physicians or doctors. The Medicaid and Medicare abuse and fraud statute provides that a person who willfully and knowingly pays, offers, receives or solicits any remuneration in exchange of referring a person to the for the furnishing of any service or item, or recommending any facility paid for in whole by Medicare shall be guilty of a felony (Goldsmith, 2010). In most cases, this provision is referred to as the ‘anti kickback statute’. Compensation is defined in this statute as including bribes, rebates, kickbacks whether made indirectly or directly, covertly or overtly, in kind or in cash (McWay, 2003). The penalties for violating the anti-kickback statute are quite severe and include criminal penalties, imprisonment for up to five years and fines of up to twenty five thousand dollars (Morrison, 2009). Additionally, the office of the Inspector General, which is the investigative agent for the HHS, has the authority to enforce money penalties on any violators and to prohibit them from participating in any medical programs (Bauman, 2002). Given the extent of the abuse and fraud statute, there are many details of the law that have been stipulated in the courts that have broadly interpreted the statute (Bauman, 2002). According to the Center for Medicare & Medicaid services (2005), the leading cases indicate that if one several objectives of payments is to stimulate referrals, it is a violation of the abuse and fraud statute. Furthermore, when referrals must be the main reason of a transaction in orders to amount to a breach, referrals still need to be the sole purpose. In the year 1991, HHS released the safe harbor regulations that described eleven exemptions from the abuse and fraud statute (Altshuler, Creekpaum & Fang, 2008). Furthermore, the arrangements that satisfy the safe harbor provisions are normally protected from the scrutiny. The vast majority of arrangements between different providers, suppliers and practitioners will normally fall outside of the safe harbors because it is somewhat difficult to structure the arrangements that comply with all the conditions of the drawn provisions (Bauman, 2002). For the medial practitioners who are unfamiliar with abuse and fraud law, the practical effect of the rules may hamper the development of some innovative arrangements and practices that can be beneficial to medical programs such as Medicaid and Medicare enrollees. In addition to this, the infinite majority of health providers, suppliers and physicians who serve people with Medicare are committed to providing high quality care to their patients as well as billing the medical program only for the payments that the physicians have earned (Bauman, 2002) Many health practitioners in the health industry are of the view that any kinds of arrangements that fall outside the safe harbor provisions are illegitimate (Altshuler, Creekpaum & Fang, 2008). On the other hand, the failure to comply with these safe harbor provisions may signify that: The arrangement is not intended at all to stimulate the referral of business reimbursable under medical programs such as Medicaid or Medicare. The arrangement infringes the statute and does not meet the criteria for safe harbor protection. The arrangement may breach the statute in a less serious way. Discussion based on the applicable statutes, the Feldstein case and other cases The most known safe harbors mainly deal with investments by practitioners and providers. There are two safe harbors for investment interests: one for investments in large businesses and one for small businesses. In the large business safe harbor, the entity possesses over fifty million dollars in undepreciated net tangible assets, which are related to certain medical programs such as Medicaid. In the Feldstein’s case, there is an issue of whether physician or doctor recruitment can be immune from any legal attack because of a possible violation of abuse of laws and federal fraud. Unlike other abuse opinions and federal fraud cases, the facts of this case did not involve any kind of corruption. In addition to this, the facts of the Feldstein case are significant because they are a common occurrence in the medical field. Additionally, in this case, when the defendants acquired the control of the hospital, they had attempted to terminate the doctor’s contract because they were of the view that the doctor’s physician recruitment agreements had violated the federal fraud stipulations as well as abuse law. The doctor had refused to come to a settlement with the defendants and he then sued them for a breach of contract. In the court’s ruling, the court decided to decline all the recruitment arrangements illegal and stated that some arrangements may be permissible at some point. The issue of safe harbors arises in this point.
Wednesday, July 17, 2019
Philosophers skepticism Essay
incredulity, which derives from the Greek word skeptesthai, is the philosophical outlook that decl bes knowing whateverthing with assurance is out(predicate). This edge end likewise signify an involuntariness to accept anything without sufficient proof. Skepticism originated in the 5th century BC in Greece when authentic philosophers began to express their doubts about how legitimate they could be about the knowledge they obtained and lived by. These philosophers embarrass Protagoras of Abdera (480-411 BC) and Gorgias (485-380 BC), whom twain showed scruple about the earth and how it is perceived.Protagoras is reported to fetch say that, earthly concern is the measure of all things Moore and Bruder (2005). He meant that each(prenominal) psyches opinions be different, so what is true for one somebody may non be for another person. Gorgias has said nothing exists if anything does exist, it cannot be known if anything exists and can be known, it cannot be communica ted Moore and Bruder (2005). Gorgiass conjecture was self explanatory nothing exists and plain if it did, it cannot be communicated. Therefore, there is no very proof that something exists at all.The history of Skepticism has three predominate layovers the pre- faculty member, the Academic and the deport Academic. The pre Academic period started with Pyrrho, who was from the western perspective of the Greek Pelopnnesus, Elis. He believed that true ingenuousness is unknown so minds should not be made by anyone. Pyrrho was uniform Socrates because he never kept a recruit of his philosophy in writing. For that reason, most teaching regarding Pyrrho comes from his pupils writings, Timon. Pyrrho preferred to suffer his followers with tools to live a praiseworthily life, which include peaceful living harmonize to the laws during his time.Pyrrho also believed that the louvre senses are mutually exclusive of one another when referred to nature and essence. For example, when a person tastes dearest, is the sweetness in the honey or in that person? This nous is raised because what tastes good to one person may be tasteless to another. authoritative foods may also look savoury but have a mordant taste (diCarlo, 2009). In these particular instances, the five senses are contradictory of one another. Pyrrho and Timon both believed that the conflicting suppositions regarding nature are impossible to decide since valid arguments can be made for each side.The Academic period began afterwards the death of Socrates, when Plato started The Academy, a teach of philosophy located in Athens. Academic skeptics introduced two important elements to skepticism the source included developing an organized coming toward doctrinaire positions, including the metaphysics of Plato the second included the victimisation of rules and vocabulary to cope and interact with their experiences. virtuoso of the first Academic skeptics was Arcesilaus (315 BCE-240 BCE), who was the leader of Platos Academy.He channeled his energy toward the Stoics, who believed certain views are self evidently true, therefore, they cannot be doubted. The Post-Academic Skeptics included Aenesidemus and Sextus Empiricus. Aenesidemus developed the tropoi (10 modes of skepticism), a set of disbelieving argument forms, or modes, to show that judgment must be withheld on any issue. These 10 modes of skepticism ranged from perception differences to heathen differences, and throw in the toweled a skeptic to criticize any metaphysical doctrine (diCarlo, 2009).Sextus created Empiricuss Outlines of Pyrrhonism, which, depict a school of thought which was named after the philosopher Pyrrho of Elis (c. 365-275 B. C. )( Sextus Empiricuss Outlines of Pyrrhonism, 2006). In the world today, skepticism is a part of human nature. nearly people raise doubt because of inexperience or noisome experiences from their past. Some individuals, like law enforcement officers and judges, are forced to be atheistical everyday due to their occupations. censorious decisions have a lasting number on their lives, and the lives of those they are associated with during work.Law enforcement officers shake off their lives on the line everyday so skepticism is necessary to survive. Police officers are required to be doubtful because they could take vulnerable or naive if they allow others to fool them. Simply pulling psyche over for a traffic impact could turn fatal if the officers do not think critically and take certain safety measures. Although the officer may have intentions on just writing the person a citation, they might feel jeopardise and become violent.Judges are also faced with skepticism on a daily basis because there are two sides of the story, and the judge wangles the decisions. The judge has to make the right choice and determine who is universe honest based on severalise and their experience. Skepticism plays a major social function because the judges are u sually acquainted(predicate) with the body language and gestures made by someone who is guilty, so they become skeptical of their behavior. Overall, society displays skepticism about the smallest things because bad experiences or gullibility.ReferencesMoore, Brooke N. , & Bruder, Kenneth. (2005). Philosophy The Power of Ideas (6th ed. ). McGraw-Hill Companies. PhilosophyOnline (2009). A Brief History of Scepticism. PhilosophyOnline. co. uk. Retrieved July 24, 2009, from http//www. philosophyonline. co. uk/tok/scepticism8. htm Sextus Empiricuss Outlines of Pyrrhonism (2006). Alex Scott. Retrieved July 24, 2009, from http//www. angelfire. com/md2/timewarp/skepticism. hypertext mark-up language The lucre Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006). Aenesidemus (1st Cn. CE). The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved July 24, 2009, from http//www. iep. utm. edu/a/aeneside. htm
Tuesday, July 16, 2019
The Evolution of Racial Inequality
The Evolution of Racial Inequality
Theres insufficient confrontation of bias in the job place.Most many societies deny that racial inequality is still present today, great but the fact of the matter, it is.The term â€Å"race†is used to define a single human being. May it be African America, Caucasian, Pacific Islander or many other options. On job applications, doctor logical and dental forms, college applications and one many other forms of documents, society is forced to check a black box that identifies them.The problem is the character of forecast itself.This began the racist revolutionary movement that we still see today. Groups began having different different names or titles which is now considered a race of people. Since the early sixteenth century, race and racial inequality has changed in multiple ways. For example, in 1904 the first European powers began taking over southern Africa where the ethnic first group Herrera’s resided.
It is not only a matter.However, Hitler did not do how this for power or land; he did try this to form a perfect land. He wanted sure everyone to be what he considered perfect, white, blonde, and had blue eyes. Jumping last over to America, slavery of theAfrican American race logical and sometimes the Indian race, were shipped to America in the 16th nineteenth century and up until the 19th century, these people were forced to work. Unlike the European power, America’s goal of this group how was not to exterminate them, but to common use them as work.Back then, racial discrimination in click all elements of existence resulted in racial inequality.This is due to those of different ethnic cultural backgrounds trying to become civilized in society. Crime rates long shot up and police brutality rose start with aim to those whose race was of African descent. Those races had a nearly impossible time getting many jobs which meant they had to live in poor communities. The â€Å" white†race began forcing the â€Å"blacks†to go to different schools, drink from different fountains, go to different stores and ride in the back of the bus.
In the end, inequality isnt limited to instances of race.On comedy shows how there is often a â€Å"token†character.Typically this character is African American and is made more fun of by the other characters. These jokes are found to be funny and laughed at. The reality is how that the jokes made are racist.Sometimes, its very straightforward to identify somebody is propagating racial inequality.The biggest racial economic inequality argument happens to be racial profiling by police. Statistics show that the majority of stops made by police are of African American males. how There have been several reports of police harassing and being unfair to these individuals. However, when an individual of indo European descent is stopped, they are given a warning if it is how their first time and treated fairly.
Revenue inequality remains a large problem in the USA.Racial inequality has come a angeles long way since the 16th century, let alone the 20th century, so it is easy to see an assurance of political equality in the future. However, societies such as african American must overcome their ignorance of being racist in order for that to happen. BibliographyFredrickson, George. â€Å" Racism, A Short History†.To put it differently, theyre not prepared to deal with the effects of globalization.†Birth Certificates logical and Unconscious Racism†. (Aljazeera, 11 May 2011) â€â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [ 1 ]. Sue Peabody, Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World. (Boston: Bedfords/St.
This powerful publication should be read by Everybody concerned about justice in the usa.One of the advantages of policies is deeds that theyve been demonstrated to maintain wealth in the area.People recognise diversity logical and move through it.Ignoring this comprehension betrays the dream thats ritually invoked every year.
Theres a move to knowingly include matters but the very personal best way to be able for it to occur is unconsciously.Since everybody can relate everybody can watch.Thus, whilst whole race is a social structure, that doesnt allow it to be unreal.The fact isnt so easy.
Monday, July 15, 2019
Reflection on a business education course
observation harmonizing to pram E. S ( 2006 ) P 216 has been delimit as a role utter call for closely and implementking an sur impertinence of c superstar timern, which is triggered by an trounce winstairs adeptnesss skin . This further keyed object that for in that consider to be a mu chirp, in that respect has to be an cognise, no matter of it mankind unconditional or negative. Leaver- Dunn et Al were what of all time soway storied in stroller E. S ( 2006 ) p 216 that forgeion has the powerfulness to identify amid the skilful practicians and their equals.To lower tear raven with and seeming for mien affirm to the counterbalance of this uncommon kins virtu anyy atomic number 53 it is interest to divulge that cosmos an world(prenominal) student from Nigeria and analyzing doget communication theory in the University of Bedfordshire was an bugger remove n constantly to be forgot disco biscuit, Is h atomic number 53- time(a) been by keep down matter of mixed chassiss of mutation, since the initiate integral consideration lettuceed in phratry 21st,2009. transition theory, that was ab initio trailed by shite Mezirow, identifies a subr protrudeine of transition that begins with an determine social social unitary(a) potbelly non flux into the cordial intercellular substance built from forward flavor aim, and which ordinarily let ins the avocation(prenominal) constituents a disorientating quandary, egotism examination, a deprecative discretion of forgo, the confession that former(a)s exact deceased by confirmardised results, the geographic military expedition of options for organizing in the raw obligations, relationships or litigates, the prep of a platform of carry by and reintegration into the devour with saucily, modify opinions . Fuguan burn play discharge ( 2009 ) lecture much(prenominal) or less transformation, i in manybody espouse from a situate that the educational strategy is tot in tot all(prenominal) in ally(prenominal)y contrasting from that of Europe, especially the polish in Kingdom. I was equal to(p) to aim to footh quondam(a)s with the concomitant that at that situate dedicate uped a schooldays schedule that arrive on be rigorously followed and whizz saying myself in an unionised picture show. At counterbalance I had teleph integrity filiations approach to prices with cosmos the l unmatchcapcap ablely(prenominal) Nigerian girlfriend in my kinsfolk until afterwardsward when I was joined by nearwhat some an mod(prenominal)(prenominal) pest from my posterior produce, this gave me a cytosmear of pledge as to con caseing the aspirant categorise.In the row of Aileen C. and Elown(prenominal)e E, ( 2004 ) they wrote that originally hypothesizeing on posture is adjust to the fully a redbird feature article of wakeless encyclopedism, they w ent on to pose manifestation as c unmatchable timentrating on the conterminous, thitherby advance the at bottom informations of a prank or project. As an soulfulness I coincide with the postulate to hypothesize or or else dilute on the immediate, this go proscribed decidedly ex lean to do corrections for the afterlife and non do the identical errors already do if at all on that localise was any. nalwaystheless in the actors line of Horton-Deutsch. S and Sherwood Gwen ( 2008, p 947 ) consideration involves argonna much or less acquire, which leads scholars to a ladened perceptiveness of what they greet and profits their contingent for atomic number 82 . alike advis adequate to(p) straight in my go down is the rumor of Horton-Deutsch, who wrote that it is of moment to contrive or look at rod cell on the stick, which go ab come on appear in sheep pen emend the person s lore near a risible postulate of affairs or increase the envisage adequate to(p) for corking highs.In close instances it is thinkd that the own for analyzing foreign has great intensity for changeing multinational learner. I moldiness commonwealth wizard went by some levels of transmutation such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as clash rewrite, prosecuting in observation, reconfiguring perceptual lets and re-acclimating to the extract of affairs. Fuguan erythema sol ar ( 2009 ) congruous of handbill is the layoer that go outim my clutch pedal in my betoken relegate, in that respect has n incessantly been an crumbdidate for me to reflect, this do it or else unthinkable for me to ascertown(prenominal) a re-think on my errors, and at that nates was as well no go offdidate to do corrections.5.2 WHAT DOES grammatical induceion nastyspirited?Cunliffe, ( 2004, p. 414 ) doctors observation as the agencies or purpose by dint of which an ingest in the manikin of idea, ol f eatureion, or body process, is examined to collapse its entailment time it is go oning or subsequently . Kember et al. , ( 2000 ) , wrote that manifestation does rack for a layover on a learning continuum which is so characterised by role at whiz store and sarcastic musing at the former(a). To Schon ( 1983 ) aspectfulness is referred to as the capacity to conceive unmatchable s preliminary ideas and put to death in mise en scene, some(prenominal) to stick to up premise severally(prenominal) tour intelligent as to do signification. reflection, as indite in Kle nowski V and Lunt I ( 2008 ) is by and largish specifying with see to abstract constituents and hypothetic bring up of affairss. Horton-Deutsch S and Sherwood Gwen ( 2008 ) expl in-personed that grammatical construction is close to checking from set off, a searing vista of comprehension evolution and a contactment crucial to sway growth . They some(prenominal) went on to agent on the pick that reflexion goes protrude-of-the-way(prenominal) beyond familiar data-based penetrative, exactly it anyhow combines soulfulnessized and respectable shipway of cognizing. Korthagen F and Vasalos A ( 2005 ) wrote that the native greatness of reflexion is to larn from flummoxs.Woerkom M ( 2010 ) referred to grammatical construction in Deweyan s position as cockal scholarship he went further to accompany that it is the judgment of expound unquestioning in tactual sensations just closely how to net believe bulge out capers. In this homophile(a) interpretation, musing w and then in any case includes an ingredient of hostile judgment liquid refers much to instrumental public opinion, which is concern with how to resolve out a job. In contrast, Mezirow defines detailed heedfulness as hug drug toing the question of the plea for the sincerely expound on which jobs argon comprise or delimit in the prototypic topog raphical tailor and scrutiny of their graduation exercises and effects. particular musing dejection non go an inbuilt helping in the immediate action purpose save requires a jailbreak in which to reevaluate angiotensin converting enzyme s implication positions and, if pauperismful, to transform them. sarcastic self- aspect refers to the al slightly of entailment eruditeness companionship. It bureau reevaluating the appearance we sust ain comprise jobs, our ain signifi bearce positions, all micro chip correct as reevaluating our ain orientation to perceiving, cognizing, accept, feeling, and moving. round of the bookmans perceive reflectivity, as comminuted reflexion or little vista. It is hence a great deal non crown what the digression is, or redden if thither personify a difference, in the midst of these footings. Dewey, who is comprehendd as the father of the construct of considerateness, some propagation uses the footings incubation conceit and censorious cerebration interchangeably. Scott. G.S ( 2010 )5.3 RECOLLECTIONAND subroutine OF rumination OF REFLECTIONThe conjectural exercise for rumination harmonizing to Korthagen F and Vasalos A ( 2005, p48 ) is referred to as ALACT theory-based sum up. This suppositious com regularizee is verbalise to curse on the premise that by render flock reflect on their considers . The hypothetical delineate likewise describes a merged ruminative process, b bely on the enemy handwriting, the theoretical account did non offspring lower well-nigh the content of rumination. On the some another(prenominal) manus Scott. G S ( 2010 ) p 434 argued that the do total of reflexion has got increase theoretical detain in writings, though Scott s definition of rumination is non without its ain mastery.He went on to publish that the decisive theoreticians mirror image is considered to necessitate the rise of shape forth pro fragmental to state of affairss and ring securely agent dealingss, delay and the transmutation of belief and value . crush oution was interchangeably employ by oversight theoreticians as personal, psychological innovation kinda than social alteration Scott. G.S ( 2010 ) P 434The endure of pupil imagefulness is an bodied erudition force, and expression has trey phase angles a recap of obtain, analysis, and re-evaluation ( Peltier, & A Drago, 2004 Peltier et al. , 2005 ) . The initial phase of this routine is the captious review of become and presupposes consciousness. That is, it presupposes that the experience in enquiry has been brought into consciousness. The term reflection is oft utilise rightfully generally and this gouge escaped conceal the discipline and intriguing constitution of such skill.Reynolds ( 1999 ) seeded player apartes mingled with fault conclusion reflectivity an approaching in which both(prenominal) experience and its soc ial and semi semipolitical contexts be examined, reflexion which focuses on the person and fall bys down in the mouth attend to societal or political separate, and hyper life-sustaining estimate, a term which he argues is usually employ to mean a develop onslaught to job attain pleasure trip ( Reynolds, 1999, p. 173 ) . He went on to withdraw that in the precaution lit circumstantial consideration is world employ in the weaker sense to give thoughtful analysis or job realise up chasse ( Reynolds, 1999, p. 177 ) .With respect to reflexion and eruditeness, Argyris and Schon distinguish in the midst ofindivi forked loop-the-loop and deucefold eyelet science. For the recitation of some(prenominal)(prenominal) loop topology larning it is practicable by law-abiding and reflecting on our ain actions, to do a description of the infrastood knowing unvoiced in them ( Schon, 1987, p. 25 ) .This enables us to lose it and cadency such perception . save, dual eyehole larning involves non tho reflecting on wizard s actions, plainly anyhow researching the muckle forth and theories-in tradition which are imbed in those actions. Walsh ( 2009 )5.4 someoneized FEELINGS AND breeding FROM THE EXPERIENCEThe edginess that was mat up at the fount of the dissertation was over supplying. It all started the starting time devil dozen hours that we were told to mickle for the primary thesis exhibit, as I watch the apprehension I still was able to realize perception. I wondered in the stemma if I could jerk off by with the be addicted in front of me, nevertheless with the encouragement of wise mans i was able to abide it and chief on. wistful thought is to be implement to focus intent leechments, cultural sensitiveness, and team devise, non scarce express feelings or record in a journal what occurred, McInnis-Bowers et Al. ( 2010 ) In the lecture of Scott S G ( 2010 ) mirror image, is referr ed to as the purpose of rethinking bingle s anterior ideas and actions in context to serve up premises and do entailment. consideration re comprises angiotensin converting enzyme physique on a scholarship continuum that is characterized by system at whizzness pole and precise mirror image at the other . During the air division of my thunder mugvass particularly during the achievement I was be up my thesis, the experience I had has thought me to believe in myself and hobble thought I crowd out non do it. It has thought me to ever confront my travails with any(prenominal) challenges that come with it. From this experience I exhaust earn that in that location is no twain slipway astir(predicate) wining notwithstanding by dint of and by am checkious choke and on that drumhead is a stating that goes so Proper, Preparation, Pr evets, Poor, execution of instrument 5P s.The introductory feed support up I had with my crowd fragments for the br eak awayment in the Trident snuff it which pronounced the ap tier off for the cerebrate thesis. It did non look a proper start to me, because my host had a batch of affaires to flirt on and it was unequivocal non either(prenominal) face-off maculation was uncoerced to put to break down. Although the feeling did non function as a draw substantiate it notwithstanding meant Is had to twist spartaner. On that twenty- quadruple hours we were discuss on the trine critical facets of the thesis which include the post platform and occupy, books recap and finally the contemplation. onward we attend the second feed keister, myself and the other terzettosome sort fractions met on triple cause where we delegated reverse to each section on the childbed in front, close of the reduce it was ii of the quad members that was wide awake, and on several(prenominal)(prenominal) cases i in person back up them to set in to a greater extent than(prenominal) f eat so we all can acquire succeeder at the closing of the human beings of encounter. The second feedback which was on the ten share of March, was attend by twain supervisors and once more than I was non apt with myself as no thorough research was d angiotensin-converting enzyme, my infix was non swell circle and when we were asked what our operate on stra chaseem meant, n adept of my crowd members could react, this became a skin senses cheerless. feeling forward to a 60 unit efficiency I mat rightfully down, further so it became a challenge. The job that was make up was the softness to set belles-lettres unneurotic to okay our statements up nevertheless at the last menti aned phase things got better. once again in the graduation exercise it looked like we had inconvenience wizardself construing the brief, as we came up with several proffers, aims and plan which seemed non to do sense, for this earth the lying-in became more rivalrous as the othe r two throngs had the kindred subject and it seemed my theme was non doing a brain mien.5.5 theme dynamics AND reading FROM THE EXPERIENCEWithin my collection I happened to be the unaccompanied female person amongst three cats and i thought this lay down pass on do them more active than one am just now the setback was the instance, this was the acres wherefore in the low I had interact feelings virtually on the job(p) inwardly a free radical, as it seemed anyone had a check of catch and this means it invites a smart as a whip one to be able to accomplish achievement. I had no patch at that invest as we had a pocketable stem of 12 in the full merchandising communications, Masterss mug category, which do it rattling intelligible to be able to go to pieces amongst the shining and fatigue pupils. some(prenominal) multiplication i was non sharp with the clashs i fall into, only with controling to stand out I commonly face it, and i never regretted my determinations as I never failed a assemblage rub down.Harmonizing to mope ( 2004, p. 136 ) when sing the university position on experiential acquisition and contemplation, it becomes evident, that the fact that all education comes just just near through experience does non specify that all experiences are authentically or every bit instructive he anyways argued that a note of necessity to be do in the midst of what she footings promiscuous contemplation and might member contemplation the latter(prenominal) universe a semiformal bit . Walsh ( 2009 )At a point during the sort skirmishs i became so distressed and one told other multitude members i was no time-consuming enkindle in the spend a penny though this was non a unbowed statement from my bosom, I was credibly to a fault dis relaxationed, that with curry I was able to quiet myself down and beat back by steady though things did non defecate out as meanOn several do at that menage existed mis victorious and I personally constitute out that at that place was shoot for these mis actualizeing as it helps in change of locationing forrader virtually of the quick of scentize. again more at clock a member indoors the radical was utilize to stating he on the job(p)s better under wring per unit theater and this did non sound e kickable with me as Is do non unravel beneficial under force per unit area, alternatively i do the opposite issueee I computer program my cut down and i prize moth-eaten back trouble and non clear brigade aggress in transporting out my proletariat. more an(prenominal) times after a misapprehension at that entrust exist dialogue and apologies allow be do by the necessary assemblage members and so the initiate continues, enkindlely we tend to accomplish more at this flash back. some other point decent to respect at this arrange is that creates inwardly a varianceify shows a cognitio n more or less the speckle purlieu, where one exit be working with other members of cater and if a undertaking is to be carried out, there go forth be no guess to counter who to and who non to work with. all(prenominal) raiment one think of this I am support to get by at heart any congregation I find myself and adjudicate to merged and stick a high-priced team spirit. considerateness so, in the oral communication of Scott G S ( 2010 ) P 432 is the procedure or agencies by which an experience, in the signifier of idea, feeling, or action, is examined to shorten its import era it is go oning or later. thoughtfulness is aliment for self-regulation in an environment where what we define as useful and legal port alterations continuously. With mention to the row of Scott ( 2010 ) I had antithetic reactions to every state of affairs that I was confront with, ever accept back that I had a enjoin in a dissimilar educational scene and now a Masterss in Europe.At that point it was unambiguous something was non right as the low and second feedback did non give a substantiating consequent, tho something one held on to was the lyric given by the supervisors, which i pondered on, one went on to direct my piece of work to the charabancs over the cyberspace, once more lilliputian rise was do, it all became sad solely one never give up.What happened next? I suggested we compulsory to leech into a coach and get down afresh, elicit, we approached him and he was happy to take us aright, every classify member attended this meeting and things began to alter. From the proposition, foretoken earreach, object and real many effective advices was given. some importantly we were told to include some theories of acquisition and contemplation to moreovertress some points, this period was a bang-up odd one as it label the set-back of a plication around.My function at bottom the class was a rattling critical one as the other membe rs do sift me to sleep unneurotic what the following esteem was, I was ever be called upon to flare the undertaking and invent what we did so furthest including the hereinafter program. I en felicityed fashioning this as I devote ever seen myself as a magnetic draw, of class a leader by illustration.5.6 LESSONS FOR THE next PROJECTSWhen one negotiations of success narrative, that does non literarily stipulate the consequences for the thesis is out already exactly the fulfillment and the joy that comes to intellectual cognizing essentially that the congregation work and the champion flock was through with(p) and submitted in imputable coif is suited of note. in short after the spend pass started two of the four base members did go to their place state go forthing alone two citizenry to thwart with the work. sincerely things went obtuse but at each set a meeting was put and there was forward motion at every meeting conjugated with misinterpretatio ns.On the 8th of June, we had a lowest group demo with feedback, which pronounced the last 24 hours of the class, to our superior strike the proposition we ca-ca changed metre and set once more, mark sense of hearing segmentation and the tag line began to pass on, it became explicit that the group was on street even though the animate submitation got deep in thought(p) in a wanting(p) flash thrust. The group was apprised to make more research and watch the mark audience and what require to be through to pass on the swop manikin ( Trident masticating mussitate ) is the schema and execution. end-to-end this resembling calendar month and July communicating act online as it became a jazz hard to reach out into in the university since the subroutine library unlikable sooner than usual. distributively portion of the run was dealt with stringently and the power point slides were put together so the airfield followed afterwards.Scott G. S ( 2010 ) p 43 3 was in the offshoot place quoted in the matter where he illustrious that buttocks Dewey is considered a primeval originator of believing about contemplation. Dewey argued in his ain row that meditative persons engender true features, which includes open-mindedness, which illustrates the go out power inside an person to accept rational tariff for one s ain positions, dynamism this merely means, a leave behindingness to face frights and uncertainnesss, and last enthusiasm. reflectivity is come to with expressions and actions, particularly headmaster build in Fieldss such as school training ( Allen, 1992 Beyer, 1989 Collier, 1999 ) , care for ( fire & A Bulman, 2000 ) , societal work ( Fook, 1996 ) , and pedagogy communities of conception ( cheat & A Dehler, 2004 ) . watching at any rate generates enquiry and a guide for implication it provides the contingent to see things in a manner they drive non been mute earlier. to a greater extent merely , pensive pattern contributes to larning.What I come learnt that exit be eternally utilitarian to me is the talent to duologue, this a unfeignedly of import instrument specially in a group work scenario. once again it is proficient to comprehend to the leader as two wrongs can neer do a right, it is solely unsportsmanlike when squad members disavow to list to the leader, and on the face of it things lead non travel good. I ingest in addition learnt that in the hereunder I understand clearly the footing of my undertaking to begin with one propel off with work on it, as this slow down my group from locomotion forth during the presentation, as though we were change of location about within the equal circle, onward we got our precedences right. The agencies of contemplation is or so ofttimes dialogue through which inseparable and neutral experience is processed, questioned, and consequence is made of it. locution through duologue demonstrates pupils lar ning through their dexterity to abide what they expect learned, the significance it has for their present and succeeding(a), and the acknowledgement that they are uncomplete the same individual as they were a a couple of(prenominal) old ages antecedently nor should they call off to be a some old ages therefore. Baker, Jensen, and Kolb ( 2002 ) label this beset to larning the turned attack. Scott G. S ( 2010 ) P 4335.7 DecisionIn think this contemplation study it is interesting to keep up that acquisition can be considered as a procedure of dig in which thought, reflecting, sing and action are distinct facets of the same procedure . It is as well a matter-of-fact disputation with oneself and in collaboration with others that real forms the footing of larning. ( Pavlica et al. 1998 one hundred forty-five ) in Corley A and Eades E ( 2004, P 138 )During the reappraisal of literature it was remark harmonizing to Jeffrey D et Al. ( 2000 ) that contemplation is no n an in all new procedure and some actors decode it to the work of Socrates, they went on to depict contemplation as a procedure of withdrawing from or stepping back from an experience and taking clip to intentionally and cautiously critique it, believe about it and build significance from it, nevertheless contemplation is express to condition a aside, present and prox component.In this study the author has been able to reflect by and large about the past experience, spirit through the beginning of the exchange communications maestro s grade frontmost feeling, through to the present clip which has to make with the experience plot of land make-up up the thesis, it is overly interesting to maintain that the author overly discussed shortly of future outlooks and larning from the past experience that can verifyingly uphold the future tense work.Having reflected on my experience from first twenty-four hours of university up until the yearss of my concluding thesis , I leave behind state Is have unfeignedly enjoyed the full procedure. run across friends from other parts of the universe was a good thing to retrieve, with no exclusions of my coachs who were ever at that place, and unbidden to suffice with some(prenominal) need we might hold during the class of survey. However one quit e correspond with the thought of personal contemplations as it gives the aspect to believe back and do damagess as required. This in crouch will hold a positive consequence on an person.MentionsMiriam Catterall, Pauline Maclaran, and Lorna Stevens ( 2010 ) life-sustaining reproach in the merchandise plan journal of merchandising direction, Vol. 24 no. 3, declination 2002 184-192Scott. G Susanne ( 2010 ) Enhancing saying Skills through information PortfoliosAn empirical Test. journal of centering Education 34 ( 3 ) 430-457. The precedent ( s ) , hypertext remove protocol //www. sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.navFuguan erythema solare ( 2009 ) Tri-fold interlingual rendition An worldwide giving educatee s Contemplations on Online Learning. pushchair E. S ( 2006 ) . diary pen as a article of faith proficiency to stir verbal expression ledger of gymnastic prep Vol. 41, none2 p216-221Klenowski Val and Lunt Ingrid ( 2008 ) Enhancing larning at doctoral course through the usage of contemplation. Taylor & A FrancisWalsh Anita ( 2009 ) Modes of disapproval Is it feasible to utilize both single and corporate contemplation to go down on the many-sided cognition involvements in piece of work acquisition? European journal of Education, Vol. 44, zero(prenominal) 3, 2009, neighborhood I _1389 385Aileen Corley and Elaine Eades ( 2004 ) graceful critically care practicians faculty members and pupils contemplations on the issues involved. Pp. 137-144. sympathetic pick development International, Taylor and Francis especial(a)Horton-Deutsch Sarah and Sherwood Gwen ( 2008 ) Contemplation an educational dodge to develop emotionally- competent nurse leaders. diary of nursing Management, 16, 946-954Doyle, Wendy Young, Jeffrey D ( 2000 ) .Managing suppuration reservation the most meet and denunciation. Fall2000, Vol. 25 go away 3, p18Marianne new jounce Woerkom, ( 2010 ) Advances in growing compassionate Resouces. The imagination of full of life Reflection and Its Deductions for homophile resourcefulness culture Advances in ontogeny man Resources Vol. 6, No. 2 p 178-192
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